|
Glossary of terms for Development Management
B
Note: Within each definition, terms for which there are definitions elsewhere are highlighted.
Basic needs
Fundamental human
needs, lack of which results in people living in a state of poverty.
The needs are variously defined by development practitioners in dialogue
with different development agencies, and range from subsistence needs
(satisfied by food, water, shelter) to non-material needs (e.g. for identity,
freedom, etc.). In contrast to modernisation and growth theories
the basic needs concept promotes a "self-centred" development which leads
to mass integration, self-reliance and creative mobilisation.
see also Deficiencies
Beneficiaries
Those who enjoy the
benefits or experience the impact of a development project or -programme.
Beneficiaries are part of target groups. In LogFrame planning,
the beneficiaries and intended impact are defined in the goal and
purpose statement of the objectives listed in the project planning
matrix (PPM).
Bottom-up
planning
A planning paradigm
oriented towards people's goals, based on people's knowledge.
see also Top-down
planning
Brainstorming
A technique of exploring
a problem or issue, often in a workshop situation led by a facilitator,
by inviting spontaneous ideas about it. These may be collected and documented,
using visualisation techniques.
Break-even
point analysis
A tool to determine
the necessary minimum scale of operation for a business to be profitable/successful.
The break-even point indicates the level of production from which point
on production starts to be (at least) cost-covering at given market prices
and production methods ("breaking-even" means revenues equal costs). Calculating
the break-even point assists in avoiding investments which run into a
loss.
Budget
The total amount of
money allocated for a specific purpose (e.g. a development project
or -programme) during a specific period; in business it additionally
includes the respective expected income.
see Plan
of Operations (PlanOps)
Business plan
see Plan
of operations
|
