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Glossary of terms for Development Management
F
Note: Within each definition, terms for which there are definitions elsewhere are highlighted.
Facilitator
A person responsible
for the procedure and process of an event, e.g. a workshop,
a meeting. In development (e.g. in planning) usually an external
person with no stake in the issue at hand. The facilitator is responsible
for how an event proceeds, not for the content. Facilitators often make
use of visualisation techniques for tracking discussion and for
documentation, e.g. the Metaplan, mind-mapping.
Factor
costs
Factors of production
are usually labour, land, capital on land, and capital. Factor costs involve
the investment cost (these costs are related to the production
volume and revenues of a numbers of years) in the form of depreciation.
For small-scale (family-type) enterprises one needs to distinguish between:
(1) factor costs for externally bought factors of production (e.g. wages
for hired labour, interests for credits, rents for buildings or lands)
and (2) factor costs for contributions of the entrepreneur and his family
which are usually not paid for in terms of wages, interest or rent payments,
but which are expected to be covered by the balance between revenue and
external costs, the so-called "gross margin".
see also
Gross margin calculation,
Input costs, Investment
costs
Feasibility
The degree to which
something is able to be done, or in the economic sense profitable. Used
in feasibility criteria.
see also Viability
Financial
analysis
A type of economic
appraisal showing whether a certain investment or activity is financially
feasible, i.e. whether at any point in time the money will be available
to continue the activity. The relevant terms of analysis are: revenue
and expenditure.
see also
Economic analysis,
Micro-economic analysis, Macro-economic
analysis.
First World
see Developed
countries
Frame
conditions
Frame conditions constitute
the environment in which a development project or -programme operates.
They produce situations which are either conducive to the achievement
of objectives, or - and this is mostly the case - which are adverse,
and ways have to be found to deal with them adequately.
Frame conditions which may reflect the reality of developing countries
(in each case with differing intensity and differing variations), and
which cannot easily be influenced by actors on the level of a development
project or -programme, are: ecological frame conditions (e.g. limited
or even diminishing potential in usable natural resources (land, water
etc.)), economic frame conditions (e.g. limited sales markets for increased
production, foreign exchange bottlenecks, high level of foreign debt.),
political - institutional frame conditions (e.g. limited flexibility of
state administration as regular service institution) and socio-cultural
frame conditions (e.g. care of social and client relationships has high
importance). What constitutes a frame condition in a given situation depends
on the level of system under consideration: for a project in a community
the actions (or inaction) of service providers represent frame conditions;
whereas for a capacity building project with service providers
this is the object of influencing change.
see also Assumptions
Functional principle (approach)
see Development
from above / Development from below
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