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Glossary of terms for Development Management
L
Note: Within each definition, terms for which there are definitions elsewhere are highlighted.
Labour intensity
The reciprocal value
of capital intensity: the number of employees per unit of means
of production. A process or product is labour intensive if it uses
proportionately more labour in its production than other factors of production
(e.g. handmade goods with low material content). This is an indicator
of the technological level of the economy (of a branch of industry, of
a company).
Labour productivity
The average product
produced by a working person in one hour. The most suitable measure of
the productive capacity achieved by a society.
see also Capital
productivity.
Land assessment
This is a specific
planning methodology forming part of Land Use Planning (LUP) which
assesses natural resources potentials. Land assessment can be done in
two ways: (1) land assessment by specialists (using mapping, remote sensing,
satellite images, Geographical Information Systems); or (2) land assessment
by users (using village maps, landscape models, transect walks, soil diagnosis
based on indigenous soil classification terms etc.). For community-level
LUP these approaches can be combined.
Land Use Planning (LUP)
Land Use Planning
is a process used to arrive at decisions on sustainable types of
land utilisation and on entitled users. In the context of development
planning, LUP should not be considered as one planning step, but rather
as one specific field of planning, which is related to land use issues.
Thus, LUP usually becomes relevant when (1) the problem analysis has
identified land use related constraints (problem-causing factors) and
(2) the potentiality analysis has identified under-utilised land-related
potentials. In that case alternative options for improved land use systems
have to be identified and assessed within the frame of the alternatives
analysis.
Locally integrated economic
development
An economic strategy
/ approach based on the principle: use local resources for direct satisfaction
of local needs, as far as this is economically viable under given market
conditions, start planning from below accordingly. The objective of the
approach is the expansion of local markets and reduction of external dependencies
and risks, as long as this does not result in unacceptable disadvantages
with regard to wages, prices and quality. The main questions are: how
can comprehensive development in poor areas be initiated, (development
which is diversified, builds on local motivation, and uses regional potential
as far as possible for satisfying needs of the regional population)? And,
how can the respective sectors of production, suitable and partner institutions
for such a strategy be identified?
Locally interlinked
activities will be viable and attractive, the more remote a region
is, the more diversified the regional resources are, the higher the degree
of people's regional identity is, and the more people belong to an income
category which is above the subsistence level, which allows them to go
for "western" industrial commodities. Increasing prices and scarcities
of foreign exchange tend to improve the conditions for viable locally
interlinked economic activities. The concept encapsulates the economic
aspects of the strategy of agropolitan development.
LogFrame
See Logical
Framework Approach (LFA)
Logic
see Horizontal
logic, Vertical logic
Logical
Framework Approach (LFA)
Planning methods
which use a matrix arrangement to describe and differentiate objectives
on different levels, and the logical relationships between them (e.g.
project planning matrix or LogFrame). Standards of logical framework
approaches vary with different donor agencies.
The LogFrame is a
matrix, that gives an overview of:
- Why is an intervention
/ a measure / a project carried out? (goal)
- What is the project
expected to achieve/ to change? (purpose)
- What will the
project deliver/ hand over? (outputs/ results)
- How is the project
going to achieve its outputs/ results? (activities)
- Which external
factors are crucial for the success of the project? (assumptions)
- How can one assess
the success? (indicators)
- Where to find
the data required to assess the success? (means of verification)
see also Objectives-oriented
planning, Zielorientierte
Projektplanung (ZOPP)
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