Glossary of terms for Development Management

Z

Note: Within each definition, terms for which there are definitions elsewhere are highlighted.

A method of objectives oriented planning. The German variant of the logical framework approach (LFA) to planning, ZOPP addresses the planning function in the process of managing a development project through its life cycle, namely in project cycle management (PCM). ZOPP comprises additional analytical elements (participants analysis, problem analysis, objectives analysis, alternatives analysis), and incorporates features of genuine stakeholder participation and visualisation/documentation (Metaplan method). It centres around the compilation of a project planning matrix (PPM) in a workshop environment. The approach is based on a participatory, interactive working process, which aims to take into consideration the ideas and interest of all. Lately (in the 1990s) emphasis has been placed on the flexible use of ZOPP in a process oriented context, rather than a rigid emphasis on technique and logic (which tended to prevail during the 1980s).